Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for the humoral immune response?

The type of lymphocyte responsible for the humoral immune response is B-cells. These cells play a critical role in the immune system by producing antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When B-cells encounter an antigen that matches their specific receptor, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells, which are the cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies into the bloodstream.

The antibodies bind to the antigens on the pathogen, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or directly neutralizing their ability to infect host cells. This process is essential for the immune system's ability to remember and respond more effectively to future infections by the same pathogen, a function supported by memory B-cells that are generated during the initial immune response. Therefore, B-cells are integral to the humoral immune response, distinguishing them from other lymphocyte types that have different roles in cellular immunity and innate immune responses.