What is the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and homeostasis within the immune system. The primary function of Tregs is to suppress excessive immune responses, which can help prevent autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. By regulating the activity of other immune cells, Tregs ensure that the immune system responds appropriately to pathogens without overreacting, which could lead to tissue damage and inflammation.

In this way, Tregs are essential for preventing immune-mediated pathology and ensuring that the body's immune response is balanced and controlled. Their activity is vital for maintaining self-tolerance, which allows the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self, avoiding unnecessary or harmful responses.