What immune cells are primarily responsible for allergic reactions?

Mast cells and basophils play a crucial role in mediating allergic reactions. These cells are equipped with high-affinity receptors for IgE antibodies, which are involved in the immune response to allergens. When an allergen comes in contact with IgE that is bound to these cells, it triggers the release of various mediators, such as histamines, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. This cascade of chemicals leads to the characteristic symptoms of allergies, such as itching, swelling, and inflammation.

Mast cells are found in connective tissues and are particularly abundant in tissues that interact with the external environment, such as the skin and mucous membranes. Basophils, which circulate in the blood and are also involved in inflammatory responses, assist mast cells in amplifying the allergic reaction. Their involvement is a key part of the body's innate immune response and acts to protect against perceived threats, although it can result in hypersensitivity during allergic reactions.

Understanding the primary role of mast cells and basophils is essential for comprehending how allergic reactions manifest in the body and the typical treatment strategies, which often include antihistamines to counteract the effects of the mediators released during these reactions.