What characterizes the inflammatory response in the body?

The inflammatory response is characterized primarily by signs such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain. These symptoms result from increased blood flow to the affected area, which is a fundamental aspect of the inflammatory process. When tissues are damaged or infected, chemical signals are released that cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. This increased blood flow brings immune cells and nutrients to the site of injury or infection, which helps to initiate healing.

The redness and heat are due to the increased blood flow, while swelling occurs because fluid and immune cells leak into the tissues. Pain is often a result of the pressure caused by the swelling and the release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings in the area. Therefore, these four characteristics—redness, heat, swelling, and pain—are classic manifestations of inflammation and are critical for the body’s defense and healing processes.