In which scenario does the recipient start making antibodies to a specific disease?

The scenario in which the recipient starts making antibodies to a specific disease occurs with active immunity. This type of immunity develops when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen, such as through infection or vaccination. When this exposure happens, the immune system recognizes the pathogen as foreign and begins to produce specific antibodies against it. This response not only helps to eliminate the pathogen but also leads to immunological memory, meaning that the body can respond more quickly and effectively if exposed to the same pathogen in the future.

In contrast, passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, providing temporary protection without the recipient's immune system actively producing its own antibodies. Natural immunity refers to immunity gained through infection, which can lead to active immunity but is not synonymous with it because it also occurs without any deliberate vaccination. Acquired immunity is a broader term that includes both active and passive immunity, but the specific scenario of making antibodies directly relates to active immunity. Thus, active immunity is the correct answer in this context.