How does the body primarily eliminate pathogens?

The primary way the body eliminates pathogens is through phagocytosis, lysis of infected cells, and the production of antibodies. Phagocytosis involves immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, that engulf and digest pathogens. This is a critical first line of defense against infections. Additionally, certain immune cells can directly lyse (break down) infected cells, which is crucial in controlling viral infections and some types of bacterial infections.

The production of antibodies is another significant mechanism. When the immune system detects pathogens, B cells can differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specifically targeting those pathogens. These antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction and neutralizing their harmful effects, which enhances the opsonization process, facilitating easier recognition and elimination by phagocytic cells.

While hormonal changes, increased body temperature, and chemical detoxification do play roles in the immune response or the overall health of the body, they are not primary mechanisms for directly eliminating pathogens like phagocytosis, cellular lysis, and antibody production are. Hormonal changes can influence immune function, but they are not a direct method of pathogen elimination. Increased body temperature, or fever, can create an environment less favorable for pathogens and enhance immune cell activity but is