How do B cells function in the immune response?

B cells play a crucial role in the immune response primarily through their ability to produce antibodies. When B cells encounter a pathogen, they specifically recognize its antigens, which are unique molecules present on the surface of the pathogen. Upon binding to these antigens, B cells become activated and undergo a process of differentiation into plasma cells. These plasma cells then produce large quantities of antibodies tailored to specifically target the antigens of the invading pathogen.

Antibodies are proteins that can neutralize pathogens, mark them for destruction by other immune cells, and prevent their ability to infect cells. This antibody-mediated immune response is essential for clearing infections and providing long-lasting immunity through the formation of memory B cells. Thus, the primary function of B cells in the immune response is to produce antibodies against specific antigens, making the correct answer clear.